Researchers at Saarland University are developing a new type of robot gripper that consumes 90% less electricity than conventional systems by using shape memory materials instead of pneumatic mechanisms. The team, led by Professors Stefan Seelecke and Paul Motzki, will present their prototypes at Hannover Messe.
Conventional industrial robot arms, which operate continuously and consume significant energy, often rely on pneumatic grippers that are loud, heavy, and difficult to miniaturize. The new technology from Saarland University replaces these with lightweight, non-pneumatic grippers made from nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (SMA). These materials change shape when exposed to an electric current, enabling precise movement without requiring external sensors. The SMA wires act as both actuators and sensors, allowing for self-sensing functionality controlled by a semiconductor chip and AI-driven algorithms.
The research team has developed two prototypes: a jaw gripper that securely holds workpieces and a vacuum gripper with suction cups at its fingertips. Both designs require only a brief electric pulse to operate and can hold objects in place without continuous power. The SMA wire bundles allow for high-frequency motion and stable force application. The researchers have optimized the technology by tailoring wire thickness and arrangement to meet specific industrial needs.
The self-sensing capability eliminates the need for additional sensors, reducing system complexity and improving efficiency. AI-driven monitoring enables quick and flexible reprogramming, allowing the grippers to adjust to different workpieces dynamically. The team has achieved a force output of four newtons in their current prototype, with scalability in size, stroke, and force.
The Saarland University researchers are seeking industrial partners at Hannover Messe to explore potential applications for their technology, which has already gained international recognition through scientific publications and support from industry and government funding sources, including Bosch and the Saarland state government.
