Researchers at the University of Bath have developed a new soft interface technology, called HydroHaptics, that enables tactile interaction with flexible objects such as cushions, wearable items, and pliable input devices. The system allows users to initiate digital actions—such as dimming lights, switching TV channels, or sculpting digital forms—by squeezing, pinching, or tapping these soft objects. In return, the objects provide haptic feedback, including vibrations or pressure changes, to confirm the interaction.
HydroHaptics was presented at the 2025 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), where the associated research paper received an honourable mention. The study was led by Professor Jason Alexander from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Bath, with contributions from researchers at the University of the West of England, Bristol, and institutions in the Netherlands including TU Eindhoven and AMOLF.
The researchers demonstrated HydroHaptics in four prototype applications: a cushion embedded with a responsive pouch to control smart home devices; a deformable joystick that simulates resistance and impact in gaming environments; a backpack that delivers directional cues through tactile signals; and a computer mouse with a silicone dome enabling digital sculpting via surface deformation. Each implementation preserved the softness of the material while providing localized, high-resolution haptic output.
According to the research team, HydroHaptics is the first system to deliver high-fidelity haptic responses through soft, deformable surfaces without compromising their flexibility or tactile input capability. The system is powered by a compact motor connected to a sealed, liquid-filled chamber that transmits feedback to the user.
The researchers noted that earlier prototypes in the field offered only limited haptic fidelity or feedback confined to small areas. HydroHaptics, by contrast, delivers detailed, scalable sensations across the object’s surface.
Further development is planned to reduce the size of the haptic engine and make the technology commercially viable. The research team indicated that, with additional resources, HydroHaptics-based products could be market-ready within one to two years.
Photo: University of Bath
